Africa under Portuguese colonialism represents a complex and multifaceted chapter in the history of both the African continent and Portugal. Beginning in the 15th century, with the arrival of the Portuguese on African shores, this period extended until the mid-20th century, profoundly marking the social, economic, and cultural structures of the colonized regions. The economic exploitation and the imposition of European administrative and religious structures were defining characteristics of this era. The slave trade played a crucial role in the colonial economy, with millions of Africans being displaced and subjected to inhumane conditions. Even after the official abolition of slavery, forms of forced labor and policies of cultural assimilation continued the exploitation and oppression. The legacy of Portuguese colonialism in Africa is ambiguous, leaving marks of resistance, resilience, and cultural influences that persist to this day.